LINUX inside Τεύχος 1

Το πρώτο τεύχος περιλαμβάνει άρθρο μου για το Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA), το υποσύστημα ήχου του πυρήνα Linux. Όταν εγκαθιστάτε μια διανομή Linux, ο ήχος είναι ένα από πράγματα που μπορεί να μη δουλεύει στην εντέλεια. Για παράδειγμα, όταν βάζετε τα ακουστικά, είναι πιθανό να μην απομονώνεται ο ήχος από τα ηχεία. Τέτοια ζητήματα έχουν σχετικά απλές λύσεις, οπότε αν σάς τύχει πρόβλημα ήχου, δείτε το ως μια καταπληκτική ευκαιρία να επιλύσετε το πρόβλημα οι ίδιοι. Τη δε διόρθωση, τυπικά μια με δυο γραμμές, μπορείτε να την προωθήσετε στον πυρήνα Linux και με αυτόν τον εύκολο τρόπο να γίνετε συντελεστής του πυρήνα.

Αναζητήστε στο περίπτερό σας το LinuxInside ή ακόμα καλύτερα γίνετε συνδρομητές στο LinuxInside!

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1. Περισσότερη ορολογία πληροφορικής στα ελληνικά
2. Ελληνικό λεξικό Magenta για Linux
3. OpenOffice πρόβλημα στα ελληνικά

2 comments

You connect your mobile phone to your computer with a USB cable. Most Android phones come with either a microUSB, a miniUSB or some proprietary-to-USB cable. If your phone did not come with such a cable, you need to get one.

When you connect your phone to the computer, it might be initialised as a CDROM device (uses the usb-storage kernel module) that comes with Windows drivers. It is the same issue you get with many 3g USB dongles that are initially recognised as CDROM devices. You need to use usb_modeswitch with the correct parameters in order to pass to the next stage (which makes the phone appear as a phone device, not a CDROM). If you do not have 'usb_modeswitch', install the usb-modeswitch package.

How do you find whether you need usb-modeswitch? And what parameters you need? See the usb-modeswitch project page and their helpful forum. You can also google with your device model number and the keyword usb-modeswitch.

Then, the next thing to do is to add a udev rule so that the correct permissions as set for your Android device. Use lsusb to identify the Vendor:Product ID of your phone. It looks like 1d6b:0001, and the Vendor ID in this case would be 1d6b. Then, run

gedit /lib/udev/51-android.rules

and type in

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", SYSFS(idVendor)=="XXXX", MODE="0666"

You need to replace XXXX with your correct USB Vendor ID. Save and exit.

Finally, restart udev with

sudo restart udev

Afterwards, you can download the Android SDK for Linux. It's a 17MB file, and (at the moment of writing) the filename is android-sdk_r07-linux_x86.tgz. The download pages talk about installing Eclipse and other stuff. For the purposes of shell access and copying files, it is OK to get the Android SDK only. Once you download it, uncompress. Locate the directory android-sdk-linux_x86/tools/. In there you get the adb (Android Debug Bridge) tool.

Run ./adb start-server in order to start the server on the host side.

Then, see whether your phone has been identified, with ./adb devices

> ./adb devices

List of devices attached
SOMEDEVICENAME    device
> _

If you do not get the last line mentioning 'SOMEDEVICENAME  device', then your phone was not detected (probably the usb_modeswitch issue needs to be done). If you get the line but with '(no permissions)', then something was wrong with udev setting up the permissions earlier. A shortcut is to ./adb kill-server and then run the same command with a sudo at the start.

Finally, we can

> ./adb shell
$ id
uid=2000(shell) gid=2000(shell) groups=1003(graphics),1004(input),1007(log),1011(adb),1015(sdcard_rw),3001(net_bt_admin),3002(net_bt),3003(inet)
$ uname -a
Linux localhost 2.6.29-perf #1 PREEMPT Tue Aug 3 20:01:27 EET 2010 armv6l GNU/Linux
$ _

If you managed to root your Android phone, you can also

$ su
# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root)
# _

You can search at http://forum.xda-developers.com/ on how to root your phone. Most Android phones can be rooted. Note that things can go horribly wrong so there is a big chance to mess up with your phone if you are not careful. Study well before you root.

You copy files to and from the phone with

./adb push myfile.txt /sdcard/       # copies file myfile.txt from your computer to the /sdcard directory on the phone.
./adb pull /sdcard/myfile.txt .      # copies file /sdcard/myfile.txt from the phone to the current directory.

Once you master these command, you can do more interesting things, such as cross-compiling programs on your Linux and then installing on your phone. Let's see how to write our own program.

Visit http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/arm/portal/release1293 and download the IA32 GNU/Linux TAR package. Uncompress it. You get an arm-2010q1 directory with the ARM GCC cross-compiler.

Let's write a program, hello.c,

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
 printf("Hello, world!\n");
 return 0;
}

We compile on our Ubuntu with the command

> arm-2010q1/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc hello.c -static -o hello_static
> _

We need the -static keyword in order to make a static executable. Static means that our executable has everything that is required to run, and does not depend on other phone software/libraries.

Copy to the phone,

> ./adb push hello_static /sdcard
1687 KB/s (647869 bytes in 0.374s)
> _

Then, connect to the phone,

> ./adb shell
$ cd /sdcard
$ ls -l hello_static
-rwxrwxrwx system   system     647869 2010-11-14 14:17 hello_static
$ ./hello_static
./hello_static: permission denied
$ _

What went wrong? When we type mount, we see that the /sdcard partition is mounted with the noexec flag. We cannot run stuff from /sdcard. What to do then? Copy stuff on the phone memory?

It appears that the SD card file system is also available from the /data/hwvefs mount point. There must be some background here, but the gist is that you can access the /sdcard content from /data/hwvefs/sdcard, and you can run them!

$ cd /data/hwvefs/sdcard
$ ./hello_static
Hello, world!
$ _

The commands you come to expect on your Ubuntu system are not available on Anroid. You can install Busybox for Android. Still, these commands do not have the features you expect to get on Ubuntu.

Let's compile the bash shell. We download bash and uncompress.

We add the cross compiler to our path,

export PATH=/home/myusername/arm-2010q1/bin:$PATH

Then, we enter the bash-4.1 directory and run (assumes we installed build-essential)

> ./configure --prefix=/opt/arm_bash --host=arm-none-linux-gnueabi --enable-static-link --without-bash-malloc
configure: WARNING: If you wanted to set the --build type, don't use --host.
 If a cross compiler is detected then cross compile mode will be used.
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... arm-none-linux-gnueabi
checking for emacs... no
checking for xemacs... no

Beginning configuration for bash-4.1-release for arm-none-linux-gnueabi
...
$ _

Then,

make

sudo make install

The bash for the ARM is available at /opt/arm_bash/bin/bash

Let's examine it,

> file /opt/arm_bash/bin/bash
bash: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, for GNU/Linux 2.6.16, not stripped
> _

The important part is the mention to ARM. If there was a mistake in the configuration, you might see x86_64 here, which is your own computer!

As we did with hello_static, we install bash, and run it.

$ ./bash --version
GNU bash, version 4.1.0(1)-release (arm-unknown-linux-gnu)
Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>

This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
$ ./bash
bash-4.1$ _

Reading the UDS proceedings we see a big push for development on the ARM platform for mobile devices. There was mention for a packaged ARM cross compiler on the Ubuntu repositories (?) which would make things easier and more natural. It would be great to get as much of the user experience we are used to from the Linux desktop down to the mobile devices. Future looks great.

Related posts:

1. Droid fonts from Google (Android SDK)
2. Ubuntu 7.04 DVD edition 4.3GB: done
3. Connecting to Bluetooth devices between Linux and Windows

3 comments

Πρόσφατα ανακοίνωσε τις νέες δυνατότητες που έχει ο NetworkManager 0.8.

Για να είναι σε θέση να γνωρίζει η διανομής σας όλες τις ιδιαιτερότητες του πάροχού σας για το mobile internet, μπορείτε να καταχωρήσετε τα στοιχεία ρυθμίσεων.

Τα στοιχεία που υπάρχουν ήδη για Ελλάδα είναι

<!-- Greece -->
<country code="gr">
	<provider>
		<name>Cosmote</name>
		<gsm>
			<network-id mcc="202" mnc="01"/>
			<apn value="3g-internet">
				<dns>195.167.65.194</dns>
			</apn>
		</gsm>
	</provider>
	<provider>
		<name>Vodafone</name>
		<gsm>
			<network-id mcc="202" mnc="05"/>
			<apn value="internet">
				<name>Contract</name>
			</apn>
			<apn value="web.session">
				<name>Mobile Broadband On Demand</name>
				<dns>213.249.17.10</dns>
				<dns>213.249.17.11</dns>
			</apn>
		</gsm>
	</provider>
	<provider>
		<name>Wind</name>
		<gsm>
			<network-id mcc="202" mnc="09"/>
			<network-id mcc="202" mnc="10"/>
			<apn value="gint.b-online.gr">
				<username>web</username>
				<password>web</password>
			</apn>
		</gsm>
	</provider>
</country>

Πηγή: http://git.gnome.org/browse/mobile-broadband-provider-info/tree/serviceproviders.xml

Αν υπάρχουν άλλοι πάροχοι ή αν οι παραπάνω πληροφορίες θέλουν ανανέωση, είναι σημαντικό να γίνει τώρα. Τυχόν διορθώσεις που θα γίνουν σύντομα θα μπουν κατά πάσα πιθανότητα σε Ubuntu 10.04.1 (αλλιώς στο 10.10) και στη Fedora 13.

Ενημέρωση - Wind «;»: ρυθμίσεις WAP και Internet

Ενημέρωση - Q Telecom «Οικονομική καρτοκινητή»: ρυθμίσεις WAP και Internet

Ενημέρωση - Q Telecom «Συμβόλαιο»: ; (είναι ίδιο με παραπάνω;)

Ενημέρωση - Cosmote «»: ρυθμίσεις WAP+GPRS

Ενημέρωση - Cosmote «Internet On The Go»: ρυθμίσεις

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4 comments

Why would you want to buy a laptop without pre-installed Windows?

1. Because you are simply not going to use Windows (for example, you plan to use a Linux distribution)
2. Because your school has an Developer Academic Alliance (formerly MSDN AA) with Microsoft and they provide the Windows software for you
3. Because your organisation has a company-wide agreement for Microsoft software, and you do not wish to pay twice for Windows.
4. Because you somehow have a Windows license or Windows package installation box already.

Sadly, when talking to the sales personnel of a manufacturer, it might look an easier strategy to just mention points 2 or 3. There is already some prior knowledge with the sales personnel that large organisations do not need the pre-installed Windows software.

Dell used to sell the N Series laptops with Ubuntu Linux, however they do not sell them anymore, at least in Europe. I contacted a Dell customer care manager on this issue and I was told that N Series laptops are available when you call Dell Sales by phone. I did just that, however the telephone salesperson explained that they do not have N Series laptops anymore. He verified with his own manager.

Dell does sell netbooks with Ubuntu Linux in Europe. For example, the Dell Mini or the Dell Latitude 2100. The situation with the netbooks is almost perfect, but...

What would be desirable is to provide the option, when you customize the Latitude 2100, to be able to select the operating system under the Operating System options. In this way, the customer is in a position to make a better decision between the differences of the two options.

In a regional Dell website, it is possible to select the operating system while you are customizing the computer. In this case, when you select Ubuntu Linux, you can easily see that you are saving €30 compared to the initial price.

It is not clear why Dell UK and Dell Germany do not provide the facility that we see with Dell Greece. Normally the localised editions of a website take any changes later than the main languages (English, German).

Updated (soon after posted): It is possible to get the Dell UK page for the Latitude 2100 so that both pre-installed Windows and Ubuntu appear in the same section. It might be an update that has been rolled out just recently. When you visit the Customise page,  you can now see that by selecting pre-installed Ubuntu Linux, you save £24 compared to pre-installed XP.

What would be ideal is for the consumer to have the option to avoid the pre-installed Windows, in a way shown above at the Dell Greece website for the Latitude 2100. Having options for Ubuntu Linux or FreeDOS (for those who already have a Windows license) would be the best value for the customers. This would make Dell the best company around.

So, what's going on with the other laptop manufacturers?

Acer, Asus, Compaq and HP do not appear to sell computers without pre-installed Windows to the European market. I have not been able to locate retailers that would sell a laptop with FreeDOS, let alone a Linux distribution.

Is this the case with Acer, Asus, Compaq and HP in other markets?

This is an example of laptop models from the SE Asian market. The laptops come with FreeDOS and if you want pre-installed Windows, you pay extra (€53 or $74). The quoted price for the laptop is not subjected to local tax for the specific SE Asian country. Here is the price equivalent for each laptop,

Acer: €325 or $460

Asus: €525 or $745

Compaq: €365 or $515

Manufacturers such as Lenovo and Toshiba appear as black sheep to me, regarding the European market. Lenovo is supposed to sell laptops with SuSE Linux, however I could not find an example. Toshiba is completely out of the radar. They might not be a big laptop manufacturer.

What would be great for the European customer is to have the option to buy a product without pre-installed Windows. And this option of buying a computer without pre-installed Windows should be a visible and accessible option.

Related posts:

1. Microsoft Windows tax refund, from Dell
2. Connecting to Bluetooth devices between Linux and Windows
3. Pre-installed Windows and competition in the European Union

25 comments

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dccdrjqk_3gx3bq5f9

Είναι διαθέσιμος ο οδηγός για γράψιμο ελληνικών (και πολυτονικού) σε μορφή PDF.

Είναι διαθέσιμος ο οδηγός για γράψιμο ελληνικών (και πολυτονικού) σε μορφή ODT.

Ο οδηγός περιγράφει τη δυνατότητα γραφής μονοτονικού, πολυτονικού και αρχαίων ελληνικών χαρακτήρων. Ο οδηγός αυτός διορθώνει μια σειρά από αβλεψίες στις οδηγίες.

Ο οδηγός ισχύει για τις διανομές Fedora 11 (ή νεώτερες), Ubuntu Linux 9.04 (ή νεώτερες) και άλλες διανομές που θα βγουν την Άνοιξη του 2009. Για προηγούμενες διανομές, δείτε τις οδηγίες (και τον αντίστοιχο παλαιότερο οδηγό) από το παρόν ιστολόγιο για το πως μπορείτε να προσθέσετε την νέα ελληνική διάταξη πληκτρολογίου.

Κάθε σχόλιο για βελτίωση του οδηγού είναι ευπρόσδεκτο.

Related posts:

1. Οδηγός για τη ρύθμιση γραφής ελληνικών σε Ubuntu Linux 5.10
2. Γράψιμο ελληνικών μέσα από GNOME
3. Γράψιμο ελληνικών στο Linux (X.org), περί προσθήκης διορθώσεων

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Δείτε την παρουσίαση του φόρουμ του Ubuntu-gr που έκανε ο goofy στο συνέδριο FOSSCOMM που έγινε στη Λάρισα.

Δείτε την ανακοίνωση γενεθλίων στο www.ubuntu-gr.org.

Μερικά στατιστικά στοιχεία κατά τη συμπλήρωση του ενός χρόνου λειτουργίας του φόρουμ,

• τα περισσότερα από 2700 μέλη και τους πιθανότατα χιλιάδες επισκέπτες
• τις περισσότερες από 45.000 δημοσιεύσεις σε σχεδόν 4.500 συζητήσεις (θέματα / νήματα)
• τους περισσότερους από 150 Οδηγούς (How to - Tutorials)
• τα περισσότερα από 37.000 hits στο 3ο τεύχος του περιοδικού μας Ubuntistas (εξαιρουμένων λεκτικών Google, bot, κλπ)
• την έντονη δραστηριότητα-συμμετοχή σε δικτυακό τόπο Ubuntu-GR / λίστα συνδρομητών / Κανάλι IRC #ubuntu-gr στο δίκτυο FreeNode.

Γραφτείτε στο φόρουμ ubuntu-gr και μάθετε περισσότερα για το ελεύθερο λογισμικό στην ελληνική γλώσσα!

Related posts:

1. Οδηγοί βίντεο για εγκατάσταση/χρήση Ubuntu Linux
2. Διαθέσιμη η ελληνική μετάφραση του Ubuntu Guide (Linux)
3. Retro: Getting the Ubuntu 7.04 CD

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Πρόκειται για Xubuntu 6.10 (ναι!) σε υπολογιστή που συντηρώ απομακρυσμένα.
Είχα ενεργό το Beryl (6.10!) το οποίο απενεργοποίησα τώρα.

Τα σχετικά μηνύματα στο .xsession-errors είναι

/etc/gdm/PreSession/Default: Registering your session with wtmp and utmp
/etc/gdm/PreSession/Default: running: /usr/X11R6/bin/sessreg -a -w /var/log/wtmp -u /var/run/utmp -x "/var/lib/gdm/:0.Xservers" -h "" -l ":0" "ubuntuuser"
/etc/gdm/Xsession: Beginning session setup...
libGL warning: 3D driver claims to not support visual 0x4b
/usr/bin/startxfce4: X server already running on display :0
libGL warning: 3D driver claims to not support visual 0x4b

Το ps δείχνει ότι ο διαχειριστής παραθύρων του XFCE έχει φορτωθεί, οπότε είναι πιθανό να έχει φορτωθεί στο :1 (αντί στο τυπικό DISPLAY :0);

Με προβληματίζει ότι έχει εκείνο το μήνυμα για libGL warning, σα να τρέχει το X server με υποστήριξη 3D που μπορεί να δημιουργήσει πρόβλημα.

Η κάρτα γραφικών είναι μια Intel, νομίζω 855GM.

(x-posted)

Update (15 Dec 08): Problem solved.

No related posts.

No comment

From: Christian Jansen

Date: Wed, Jun 25, 2008 at 8:35 AM

Hi,
OpenOffice.org 3.1 planning will start soon, thus I'd like to collect some ideas (from an UX-perspective) for improving OpenOffice.org Writer.

- What drives you nuts?

- What works pretty well?

- My most wanted feature is:

Thanks for your feedback!

Regards,
Christian [Jansen]

Source: http://ux.openoffice.org/servlets/ReadMsg?list=discuss&msgNo=1890

Feedback started pouring in. Make your way to the user-experience discuss@ux.openoffice.org mailing list to add your views. When you log in to OpenOffice.org, you click to subscribe to the mailing list. That is, you need to make an account first.

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A few days ago, they published a beta version of the font in an effort to get public feedback. The beta period runs until the 15th December.

STIX Fonts Beta showing Greek (Regular), from STIX Fonts Beta

STIX Fonts Beta currently support modern Greek. An effort to get support for Greek Polytonic did not work out well a few years back.

STIX Fonts Beta showing Greek (Italic), from STIX Fonts Beta

The main benefit of STIX Fonts is the support for mathematical and other technical symbols. This helps when writing academic publications and other technical documents.

STIX Fonts Beta showing Greek (Bold), from STIX Fonts Beta

STIX Fonts have extensive support of mathematical symbols, symbols that exist in Unicode Plane-1.

STIX Fonts Beta showing Greek (Bold Italic), from STIX Fonts Beta

If there is any modification that we would like to have in STIX fonts, we should do now. Once they are released, they will be widely distributed. Currently, Fedora has packaged STIX Fonts and made them available already.

Related posts:

1. Stix Fonts, eventually out.
2. Ubuntu Font Beta and Greek
3. Can you read Coptic?

2 comments

• It advertised Linux support
• It was affordable
• It had good quality casing; you can step on it and it won't break
• It had the Penguin on the box and was really really cheap

When I plugged it in on my Linux system, it did not work out of the box. The kernel acknowledged that a USB device was inserted (two lines in /var/log/messages) but no driver claimed the device.

With the package came a CD which had drivers for several operating systems, including Linux. Apparently one would need to install the specific driver. I think the driver was available in both source code and as a binary package (for some kernel version).

The kernel module on the CD was called zd1211, so I checked whether my kernel had such a module installed. To my surprise, there was such a kernel module, called zd1211rw. I hope you have better chance with the URL because now the website appears to be down (Error 500).

Therefore, what was wrong with my zd1211rw kernel module? Reading the documentation of project website, I figured out that you have to report the ID (called the USB ID) of your adapter  so that it is included in the kernel module, and when you plug in your device, it will be automatically detected.

You can find the USB ID by running the command lsusb. Then, it is a one-line patch for the zd1211rw driver to add support for the device,

--- zd1211rw.linux2.6.20/zd_usb.c      2007-09-25 14:48:06.000000000
+0300
+++ zd1211rw/zd_usb.c    2007-09-28 11:35:51.000000000 +0300
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
{ USB_DEVICE(0x13b1, 0x0024), .driver_info = DEVICE_ZD1211B },
{ USB_DEVICE(0x0586, 0x340f), .driver_info = DEVICE_ZD1211B },
{ USB_DEVICE(0x0baf, 0x0121), .driver_info = DEVICE_ZD1211B },
+       { USB_DEVICE(0x0cde, 0x001a), .driver_info = DEVICE_ZD1211B },
/* "Driverless" devices that need ejecting */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x0ace, 0x2011), .driver_info = DEVICE_INSTALLER },
{ USB_DEVICE(0x0ace, 0x20ff), .driver_info = DEVICE_INSTALLER },

What Aztech should have done is to submit the USB ID to the developers of the zd1211rw driver. In this way, any Linux distribution that comes out with the updated kernel will have support for the device.

It is very important to get the manufacturers to change mentality. From offering a CD with "drivers", for free and open-source software they should also work upstream with the device driver developers of the Linux kernel. The effort is small and the customer benefits huge.

Related posts:

1. Using SVN for GNOME Translators
2. Multimedia support in Ubuntu Linux 6.06
3. Multimedia support in Ubuntu Linux 6.10

No comment

Είδα τα βίντεο και πρέπει να πω ότι πιστεύω ότι θα βοηθήσουν πάρα πολύ τους νέους χρήστες, στο κομμάτι τις εγκατάστασης της διανομής αλλά και στη βασική χρήση.

Ακολουθεί η ανακοίνωση του Σέργιου στη λίστα συνδρομητών ubuntu-gr,

Καλησπέρα .
Έχω ανεβάσει και το τέταρτο μέρος είναι λίγο μεγαλύτερο αλλά έγινε μεγάλο επειδή εδώ έπρεπε να αναφέρω αρκετά πράγματα για εγκατάσταση προγραμμάτων και τρόποι εγκατάστασης τους.
Ζητάω από τώρα να με συγχωρήσετε αν έχω πει κάτι παραπάνω , εξάλλου τα video θα είναι χρήσιμα για νέους χρηστές εμπειρότεροι χρήστες ξέρουν τα περισσότερα από αυτά , στο 3 μέρος δεν έχω κάνει κάτι σημαντικό απλός έκανα ενημέρωση και κάποιες βασικές ρυθμίσεις για καλύτερη λειτουργία.

Τα αρχεία μπορείτε να δείτε online εδώ :

http://econlab.uom.gr/econlab/ubuntu/video/UbuntuEdgy6.10.1.ogg

http://econlab.uom.gr/econlab/ubuntu/video/UbuntuEdgy6.10.2.ogg

http://econlab.uom.gr/econlab/ubuntu/video/UbuntuEdgy6.10.3.ogg

http://econlab.uom.gr/econlab/ubuntu/video/UbuntuEdgy6.10.4.ogg

Σύντομα θα προχωρήσω και στο 7.04 με παρόμοιο τρόπο.
Ευχαριστώ εκ τον προτέρων.

Related posts:

1. Multimedia support in Ubuntu Linux 6.06
2. Εγκατάσταση του Ubuntu 8.04
3. ert-archives.gr: “Linux/Unix operating systems are not supported”

2 comments

Related posts:

1. Fedora και ελληνικά
2. Έργο εξελληνισμού της διανομής Fedora
3. Δοκιμή της Fedora Core 5 test 3

No comment